--- title: Process Primers: Where Gas Analysers Are Used url: https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/track-process-primers.html description: Plain explanations of combustion, air separation, PSA, heat treatment, electrolysers, biogas, fruit storage, cement, steel, CEMS, compressed air and blanketing. updated: 2026-10-21 source: html --- Learn ยท Track 7 of 8 # Process primers How real processes use gas analysis, from boilers to biogas to glove boxes. 13 lessons About 39 min ## What this track covers Knowing the technology is half the job; knowing the process is the other half. Each primer explains a process from the ground up, says which gases matter and why, and where the analyser sits. ## Lessons, in order 1. [ **Combustion, excess air and flue gas oxygen explained** Burners need slightly more air than the exact amount that burns the fuel, so that combustion is complete. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/combustion-excess-air-and-flue-gas-oxygen.html) 2. [ **How an air separation plant works and what is measured** An air separation unit compresses air, removes water and CO2, cools it until it liquefies and distils the liquid into oxygen, nitrogen and argon, which boil at different temperatures. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/how-an-air-separation-plant-works.html) 3. [ **PSA, VPSA and membrane gas generators explained** PSA nitrogen generators use carbon molecular sieve to adsorb oxygen from compressed air, giving nitrogen with ppm to percent residual oxygen. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/nitrogen-and-oxygen-generators-psa-vpsa-and-membrane.html) 4. [ **Heat treatment furnace atmospheres explained** A furnace atmosphere protects the metal from oxidation or adds carbon to its surface. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/heat-treatment-furnace-atmospheres-explained.html) 5. [ **Hydrogen electrolysers and gas analysis: what to measure** An electrolyser splits water into hydrogen at one electrode and oxygen at the other. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/hydrogen-electrolysers-and-gas-analysis.html) 6. [ **Biogas, landfill gas and digesters explained** Anaerobic digestion converts organic waste into biogas: methane, CO2, water vapour and traces of H2S. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/biogas-landfill-gas-and-digesters-explained.html) 7. [ **Controlled-Atmosphere fruit storage explained** Fruit keeps breathing after harvest, consuming oxygen and releasing CO2. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/controlled-atmosphere-fruit-storage-explained.html) 8. [ **Cement kiln gas analysis explained: O2, CO and safety** A cement kiln burns fuel to heat raw meal to about 1450 C. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/cement-kiln-gas-analysis-explained.html) 9. [ **Steel plant gases: coke oven, blast furnace, converter** Integrated steelworks make three main by-product fuel gases: coke oven gas, rich in hydrogen and methane; blast furnace gas, lean and mostly CO, CO2 and nitrogen; and converter gas, rich in CO. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/steel-plant-gases-explained.html) 10. [ **Emission monitoring (CEMS) basics: what a system does** A continuous emission monitoring system measures pollutants and oxygen in stack gas and reports concentrations corrected to a reference oxygen and dry basis. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/emission-monitoring-cems-basics.html) 11. [ **Compressed air quality and dew point (ISO 8573-1)** ISO 8573-1 classifies compressed air purity by particles, water and oil. Beginner*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/compressed-air-quality-and-dew-point.html) 12. [ **Inert gas blanketing in pharma and chemical plants** Blanketing fills the space above a liquid or powder with nitrogen so that oxygen stays below the limit at which a flame can spread. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/inert-gas-blanketing-in-pharma-and-chemical-plants.html) 13. [ **Glove boxes and Controlled-Atmosphere chambers explained** A glove box is a sealed chamber filled with nitrogen or argon in which oxygen and moisture are held at very low levels, often through a circulating purifier that removes both. Intermediate*3 min*](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/glove-boxes-and-controlled-atmosphere-chambers.html) Next track: [Choosing and buying](https://www.sarveshanalytics.com/learn/track-choosing-and-buying.html)